Researchers have mapped the world’s largest seagrass meadow in the Bahamas by utilizing satellite-tagged tiger sharks to explore vast underwater territories. This discovery expands the known global seagrass area by 41 percent, highlighting a massive and previously unrecorded carbon sink.
TLDR: An international research team has discovered the world’s largest seagrass meadow in the Bahamas, spanning 92,000 square kilometers. By equipping tiger sharks with cameras and satellite trackers, scientists mapped dense underwater forests that serve as critical carbon reservoirs, significantly increasing our understanding of global blue carbon capacity.
Marine scientists have identified the largest seagrass meadow on Earth, located across the expansive Bahamas Banks. This vast underwater ecosystem covers an estimated 92,000 square kilometers, an area roughly equivalent to the size of Portugal. The discovery was made possible through an ambitious international collaboration that utilized tiger sharks as mobile research platforms, bridging the gap between traditional marine biology and advanced telemetry.
Traditional mapping of seagrass via satellite imagery often faces significant challenges. Water depth, clarity, and the presence of coral or algae can obscure the signature of seagrass from space. To overcome these limitations, researchers from the non-profit Beneath the Waves, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, and the University of Exeter equipped tiger sharks with satellite tags and 360-degree cameras. These apex predators naturally spend a significant portion of their time patrolling seagrass beds in search of prey, making them ideal guides for mapping the seafloor in high resolution.
The data collected from the sharks provided essential ground-truth evidence of dense seagrass coverage in regions that were previously unmapped or poorly understood. By combining shark-track data with over 2,500 manual diver surveys and historical satellite observations, the team created a comprehensive, multi-layered map of the region. The results indicate that the Bahamas holds approximately 40 percent of the world’s known seagrass by area, a figure that dramatically shifts our understanding of global marine vegetation.
Seagrasses are recognized as one of the most efficient blue carbon sinks in the world. Despite covering less than 0.2 percent of the ocean floor, they are responsible for about 10 percent of the carbon buried in ocean sediments annually. These plants can sequester carbon at rates up to 35 times faster than tropical rainforests, locking it away in the soil for centuries. The discovery of such a massive meadow suggests that the global capacity for ocean-based carbon storage is significantly higher than previously estimated. This finding has immediate implications for international climate policy, particularly regarding the valuation of natural capital and the development of carbon credit markets.
The Bahamas Banks serve as a critical habitat for a diverse range of marine life beyond the tiger sharks that helped map them. These meadows provide essential nursery grounds for commercially important fish species, such as the queen conch and various snappers. Furthermore, the root systems of the seagrass stabilize the seafloor against storm surges and help maintain the legendary clarity of Bahamian waters by trapping sediments. The health of this ecosystem is intrinsically linked to the economic and environmental stability of the wider Caribbean region.
The study also validates a revolutionary methodology for oceanographic research. Using marine animals as animal-borne sensors allows researchers to gather data in remote or difficult-to-reach areas at a fraction of the cost of traditional ship-based expeditions. This approach leverages the natural behavior of animals to monitor environmental health and could be applied to other species and habitats to fill critical gaps in our understanding of the deep ocean.
Protecting these newly mapped meadows is now a primary objective for conservationists and the Bahamian government. As the global community seeks scalable solutions for carbon sequestration, the preservation of existing blue carbon stocks remains a primary defense against rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Future research will focus on the long-term stability of these meadows in the face of warming oceans and the specific carbon burial rates across different seagrass species within the Bahamas.

