In 1935, Boston’s Black community and the local NAACP challenged unequal conditions and access in public schools, pressing the School Committee to answer for the effects of its decisions. The…
In 1938, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Missouri could not deny Lloyd Gaines a law education in the state while offering one to white students. The decision forced Missouri…
Following the 1908 Springfield race riot, Black and white reformers gathered in New York in 1909 and built the organization that became the NAACP. The United States gained a national…
In 1913, the administration of President Woodrow Wilson implemented formal racial segregation within the United States federal civil service. This policy reversed decades of integrated work environments in Washington, D.C.,…
The Costigan-Wagner Bill was a landmark legislative attempt in the mid-1930s to make lynching a federal crime in the United States. Despite intense lobbying by the NAACP and support from…
